Sabtu, 20 Desember 2008
BASIC SAFETY TRAINING AT JAKARTA GARDEN CITY
CONTENTS
Chapter
1. LEGAL BASE OF THE SAFETY & HEALTH IN INDONESIA
1. Republic Of Indonesian Law
2. Government Regulations
3. Regulation from Ministry Of Labor & Transmigration
2. KEPPEL LAND POLICY & STATEMENT
1. Keppel Land Limited Policy Statement
2. Contractor’s Policy Statement
3 OBJECTIVES & TARGETS
4 COMMUNICATION
1. Kick-off Meeting
2. Weekly progress meeting
3. Monthly Site Safety Committee Meeting
4. Toolbox Talks and Team Talks
5. Daily
6. weekly
7. Monthly Report
8. Feedback from Site
9. Language
5 SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
1. Project Buildings
2.1. Project Access
2.2. Project Fences
2.3. Safety Building Construction. ( Training materials )
CHAPTER 1
LEGAL BASE OF THE SAFETY & HEALTH IN INDONESIA
1.1.Republic Of Indonesia Law
The Law foundation of Safety & Health in Indonesia base on the Republic Of Indonesian Law :
No.21 tahun 2003.
The Government officially adopted the ILO Convention No. 81 concerning labor inspection in industry and commerce. ( ILO no.81 ) as a integrated part of Indonesian Law.
No.13 tahun 2003. Concerning Labor
No. 1 tahun 1970. Concerning the safety Works
Base on the :
Law Of Steam 1930. Stoom Ordonnantie
Steam Regulation 1930. Stoom verordening
1.2.Government Regulations
The government Regulations is more specific and use the
Republic Of Indonesia Law as a basic guidance :
No.19 tahun 1973
The regulations for working safety supervision for mining Company
No.11 tahun 1979
The regulations for working safety supervision for Gas and
petrol purification process.
1.3.Regulation from Ministry Of Labor & Transmigration
This regulation were issued by Ministry Of Labor and more specific
for site works applications.
1). No. Per-01/MEN/1978 Concerning for safety & healthy works for timber saw
& timber transportation
2). No. Per-03/MEN/1978 Requirements for promotion, scope of works &
responsibility for the safety & healthy staff & expert
3). No. Per-01/MEN/1980 Concerning Safety & Healthy works at the building
construction
4). No. Per-04/MEN/1980 Requirements for installation & maintenance for fire
Extinguisher.
5). No. Per-01/MEN/1982 Concerning the pressure tanks
6). No.Per-02/MEN/1982 Qualification for welder
7). No.Per-02/MEN/1983 Installation of the automatic fire alarm
8). No.Per-04/MEN/1985 Concerning power and production tools
9). No.Per-05/MEN/1985 Concerning lifting and transportation tools
10). No.Kep-1135/MEN/1987 Concerning the safety flag
11). No.Kep-147/MEN/1989 Health care insurance for working labor
12). No.Kep-51/MEN/1999 Value limitation perimeter for the physic factor at site work
13). No.Kep-187/MEN/1999 Concerning monitoring of the hazard chemicals
14). No.3 tahun 1969 Indonesian Law Agreement convention ILO no.120. Concerning
the hygiene in trading and offices.
(Lembaran negara no.14 tahun 1969 )
15). No.Kep-79/MEN/2003 Guidance for disease diagnose and justification for handicap
and disease which is caused by worked
16). No.kep-68/MEN/IV/2004 Prevention & handling HIV/AIDS at site work
17). No.Per-11/MEN/2005 Prevention & handling drugs, narcotics & other psychotropic
disorder at the site work
18). No.Kep-37/DJPPK/XI/2004 Provision & identity for safety and healthy work expertise
19). No.SE-02/MEN/DJPPK/II/2006 Concerning the supervision improvement of the
power piping installation usage
20). No.Per-01/MEN/1976 The requirement to follow the Hyperkes training
for the company medical doctor
21). No.Per-01/MEN/1979 The requirement to follow the Hygiene, health
and safety training for the company paramedic
22). No.Per-02/MEN/1980 Concerning the labor health examination in a
term of the safety work
23). No.Per-01/MEN/1981 Concerning the duty to report the disease which
is caused by worked
24). No.Per-03/MEN/1982 Health services for the working labor
25). No.Per-03/MEN/1985 Concerning the usage of asbes in the term of
safety & healthy works
26). No.Per-01/MEN/1998 Concerning the labor health care services in the
term of health insurance
27). No.Per-04/MEN/1998 Concerning the promotion, termination & working
procedures for medical doctor
28). No.Kep-333/MEN/1989 Concerning the diagnose & report of the disease
which is caused by worked result
29). No.Per-03/MEN/1988 Concerning the accident report & audit
30). No.Per-03/MEN/1999 Concerning the safety & healthy works
requirements for the human & goods elevator
31). No.Kep-407/BW/1999 Concerning the requirements for promotion, right
& responsibility of the elevator technician
32). No.Kep-186/MEN/1999 Fire management control on the working site
33). No.Kep-75/MEN/2002 Instruction to follow the Indonesian National
Standard (SNI) for general electrical installation.
SNI-04-0225-2000.
34). No.Kep-311/BW/2002 Requirement for safety & health Qualification
for the electrical technician
35). No.7 tahun 1973 Concerning the monitoring of distribution, storage
& the usage of Pesticide
36). No.22 tahun 1993 Concerning the disease cause by works
relationship
37). No.7 tahun 1964 The requirements of the health, cleanness and
the lighting at the site works.
38). No.Kep-245/MEN/1990 Concerning the safety works national day
39). No.Per-04/MEN/1987 Concerning the safety and health committee
and the requirements to promote the safety works expertise
40). No. Per-01 /M EN/1988 Qualification and requirements for steam engines operator
41). No. Per-01 /MEN/1989 Qualification and requirements for crane operator
42). No.Per-02/MEN/1989 Supervision for the lightning protection installation
43). No.Per-02/MEN/1992 Regulation to choose, responsibility and scope of
works for the safety and health expertise
44). No. Per-04/M EN/1995 Concerning the safety & health company service
45). No.Per-05/MEN/1996 Concerning the management system for the safety & healthy works
46). No. l ns.11 /M/B/1997 Concerning the special supervision for K3, the
fire control management ( K3: Keselamatan & Kesehatan Kerja )
CHAPTER 2
2. KEPPEL LAND POLICY & STATEMENT
2.1. Keppel Land Limited Policy Statement
Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land) believes that healthy and safe working conditions are part and parcel of achieving business excellence. Hence, we are committed to conducting our business in a manner that sustains the environment and protects the health and safety of our employees.
To fulfil this policy, Keppel Land is committed to making available adequate resources. In addition, we will set measurable targets and monitor their progress through audit and periodic reviews.
In this connection, employees must commit to observing all safety and health rules, practices and laws that apply to their job, and for taking precautions necessary to protect them, their co-workers, contractors, visitors and the public from harm which may arise out of work activities.
We will strive for continuous improvements by regularly reviewing our programmed and processes, risk assessment and controls, supported by awareness of the relevant legislative requirements.
2.2.Contractor's Policy Statement
It is required that the Contractor also fulfils this commitment. Contractor shall prepare, implement and maintain a Project Health & Safety (H&S) Policy, which shall contain the following:
i) A written statement of policy describing Contractor's H&S Philosophy and Project Safety Objectives for the total contract up to provisional acceptance, recently dated and signed by the Senior Executive of the Contractor.
ii) Establishment of H&S as a line management responsibility.
iii) Recognition that all incidents and injuries are preventable.
This policy shall be issued within one month of contract award. Contractor shall ensure that its own and subcontractor's Occupational H&S conservation policies and standards are compatible with each other and that all work is carried out with proper regard to the operating country Law and Safety Regulations and in strict accordance with the Project H&S Plan.
Within 10 weeks of award of the Contract, the Contractor shall provide the Keppel Land's Project Manager with a Detailed Project H&S Plan for his acceptance. The content of this H&S Management Plan shall as a minimum address the following:
i) Responsibilities of senior management, site management, H&S personnel and supervisory team
ii) Responsibilities of H&S committee, member and its organization chart
iii) Responsibilities of H&S key personnel
iv) Responsibilities of employees
v) Details of H&S trainings undertaken by the above mentioned group
vi) Details of contractor H&S auditing procedures
vii) Proposed project H&S communication campaign
viii) Contractor H&S meeting schedule and personnel involved
ix) Accident/near-miss investigation and reporting
x) Emergency response plan
xi) Details of contractor employee H&S induction
xii) Details of contractor equipment record and maintenance schedule
xiii) Contractor housekeeping program
xiv) Contractor planned medical and first-aid facilities
CHAPTER 3
3. OBJECTIVES & TARGETS
Within Keppel Land, the three healths and safety outcome measures used to determine the safety performance are:
a) Number of Fatalities
b) Accident Frequency Rate
c) Accident Severity Rate
The Contractor shall set safety objectives and targets for the development project at the beginning of every fiscal year to provide direction and create forward momentum to the Health and Safety program. The Contractor will establish a plan which outlines how the objectives will be achieved.
Safety objectives have to be assigned to the relevant Contractor's managers and supervisory staff and be part of their performance management system.
Performance against these objectives and targets has to be periodically monitored, and safety management activities will be required to be improved if the project performance is failing to achieve these targets.
CHAPTER 4
4. COMMUNICATION
Effective communications are vital to the successful implementation of the health and safety plan. Communications take many forms but their common objective is to improve understanding of health and safety matters and from this, to obtain the support, co-operation and commitment of all interested parties. The Contractor is to propose his overall strategy for communications of all matters relevant to safety both within the project site and between the various project organizations.
(A) Kick-off Meeting:
On award of a contract the Contractor shall convene a kick off meeting attended by the Keppel Land Project Manager and HSE Manager. Agenda items shall include as a minimum:-
i) Type and nature of work.
ii) Scope of work.
iii) Allowable working hours.
iv) Confirm that work can be safely executed within the proposed
programmed of works.
v) H&S Induction Requirements.
vi) Personnel Protective Clothing.
vii) Plant and equipment, standards and requirements.
viii) Noise restriction including local requirements.
ix) Interfaces with other Contractors.
x) Contractor's H&S plan.
xi) Auditing - participation and involvement.
xii) Risk Assessments.
xiii) Training and Instruction.
xiv) Hazardous materials.
xv) Reporting of incidents and accidents.
xvi) Permit System - administration and requirements.
xvii) Working on live operating process plant.
xviii) Languages.
xix) Any other specific anticipated hazards related to the work scope.
xx) Environmental Considerations.
xxi) Security, fencing and access.
xxii) Entry passes/personnel identification.
xxiii) Site communications (radio systems).
xxiv) Vehicle use.
(B) Weekly Progress Meeting
A weekly progress meeting will be held with each Subcontractor's management. Keppel Land representative, the Contractor and the appropriate Subcontractor's will attend this meeting. H&S issues will be the first topic on the meeting agenda.
(C) Monthly Site Safety Committee Meeting
A Site Safety Committee shall be formed to provide an effective channel of communications between contractors within the worksite to ensure that health and safety issues are properly identified, reviewed and addressed. The committee shall meet at least once a month.
The frequency of this meeting may be increased, if deemed necessary.
Attendees will include: -
Contractor Project Manager Chairman
Contractor H&S Personnel Secretary
Field Supervision Rotating Basis
Site Managers Subcontractors
Safety Representatives Subcontractors
The agenda for the meeting will be structured around the following guidelines as a minimum:-
i) Minutes of the last meeting.
ii) Accidents, incidents and near misses.
iii) Lessons learned/actions required from accidents/incidents.
iv) Publicity/promotion/initiatives.
v) Monthly look-ahead of construction activities.
vi) Anticipated concerns.
vii) Interface between Contractors.
viii) Feedback from site personnel.
A copy of the minutes of meeting shall be forwarded to Keppel Land Project Manager.
(D) Toolbox Talks and Team Talks
The effectiveness of Toolbox talks and Team talks have proved themselves in past projects and it is a requirement of this project that Contractor develops a strategy, with his Subcontractors, with regard to this topic. Below are some guidelines to assist with this strategy.
(E) Daily
Daily "team talks" to be given at start of each shift. These shall be conducted by the Subcontractors' line supervision, in a language or languages understood by the workforce and should address the application of safety rules and procedures to the hazards of current work.
Duration of the team talk should typically be 5 minutes, but particularly hazardous operations may require extended team talks, for example, confined space entry.
(F) Weekly
The Contractor shall introduce weekly "tool box talks" of 15-20 minutes duration every morning at the start of the shift in a language understood by the workforce. Topics will be agreed between Contractor's H&S Personnel and the Subcontractor. Typical topics could be but are not limited to:-
i) Care and use of respiratory protection.
ii) Manual handling and lifting
iii) Noise and noise induced hearing loss
iv) Process hazards
v) Accident causation
vi) Topical issues relevant to the project
vii) Fire prevention
viii) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
ix) Scaffold appreciation
x) House keeping
xi) Risk Analysis
xii) Working at Height
xiii) Protecting the environment
xiv) Action items/lessons learned or recommendations as a result of any accidents/incidents.
(G) Monthly Report
Contractor shall prepare a monthly H&S report and submit to Keppel Land Project Manager by the 2nd Monday of each month to cover the previous month's activities. The H&S report shall include, as a minimum for the reporting period:-
i) A tabulation of all accidents and incidents and their apparent cause.
ii) A tabulation of all hazards observed at the work site, a description of corrective action taken to deal with them and the individual actioned to rectify the shortfall.
iii) A summary of the Contractor's H&S activities, problem areas, corrective actions, government visits and H&S audits.
iv) The numbers of personnel on work site by Subcontractor and the total man-hours worked on a monthly and cumulative basis.
Additionally, from the beginning of the construction phase, graphs and statistics shall be prepared, on a cumulative basis showing record able injury rates and lost workday injury rates.
(H) Feedback from Site
It is important that site personnel form an active part of the health and safety process. Lines of communication need to be developed from site personnel through their supervision and management. Contractor is to define how he plans to develop these communications links.
Mechanisms for feed back should include, as a minimum: -
i) Suggestion boxes
ii) Recording of concerns/recommendations raised at toolbox, or team talks
iii) Concerns/recommendations raised with site supervision
Any advice on H&S issues, generated by site personnel should be tabled at the monthly safety committee meeting. The conclusion of these discussions should be communicated back to the work force.
(I) Language
Contractor shall identify a strategy to ensure good communications are in place for any multi-lingual workforce employed at the work site.
CHAPTER 5
5. SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
5.1. Project Buildings
5.1.1. Project Access
* Project area must have a properly access to go in & out.
( The Clearance space & access condition )
* The strength of the access way to receive the Load.
* Enough lighting during the night time.
* Easy to control & monitor. ( Only have one or two access )
5.1.2. Project Fences
* Project Fences must be build before the project is started.
* Project Fences must have ability to protect the project area
from the Un-authorized person & all the project property inside the
project site. ( From stealing or even sabotage )
( This matter must be integrated with the project security system )
* Project Fence material must be strong enough & last until the end of
the project.
5.1.3. Safety on Building Construction
5.1.3.1.Safety for Body part :
Safety on building construction is important to safe our body part or
even our life during the construction period. All of our body part must
be carefully taking care & protect during the works commencing. Our
body part that usually expose to the danger are:
· Eye and Face
· Respiratory system ( Lung )
· Head
· Hand
· Foot
Base on that fact we need to make a properly protection for all body part:
5.1.3.1.1. Eye and Face Protection:
Why Eye and Face Protection is Important ?
Thousands of people are blinded each year from work related eye injuries. Injuries that could have been prevented, if only people would have used eye or face protection.
Potential Hazards
Flying Objects or Particles
Operations such as grinding, chiseling, sanding, and hammering often create flying objects or particles that can damage your eyes.
Potential Hazards
Dusts, Powders, Fumes, and Mists
Small particles of matter can enter your eyes and damage them. Operations such as grinding, chiseling, sanding, hammering, and spraying can create small airborne particles; particles that can injure your eyes.
The major types of accidents that cause blindness include:
- Objects striking the eye; - Contact with chemicals and other hazardous materials; - Being struck by swinging objects such as chains and ropes; and - Viewing radiant energy sources such as welding operations or lasers.
Potential Hazards
Toxic Gases, Vapors, and Liquids
Toxic chemicals in the form of gases, vapors, and liquids can damage your eyes. Always read the appropriate MSDS before working with any hazardous material.
NOTE: Some manufacturing processes produce hazardous gases, vapors and liquids. Always check with your supervisor or safety manager to learn the type of eye or face protection you will need to use in order to work safely.
Potential Hazards
Large Objects
Large objects such as:
1. swinging chains, cables and ropes; 2. tools that are thrown or fall; 3. any sharp objects such as knives, scissors, pencils, etc.; and 4. walking or falling into obstructions can damage your eyes or face.
Protective Measures
Work Area Barriers
Operations such as sanding, grinding, welding, and lathe operations produce dust, vapors, and flying particles. To protect other workers, work area barriers such as movable screens and barriers should be set up to separate workers and bystanders from hazardous operations.
Protective Measures
Ventilation
Operations which use or produce vapors, gases, mists, dusts, powders, and other airborne particles should be ventilated. Ventilation, along with damping systems, can significantly reduce the amount of airborne particles that could be hazardous to your eyes.
Protective Measures
Lighting
Good lighting is important in work areas. Good lighting reduces eye strain and glare. It also promotes both safety and improved productivity.
Signs and Warnings
Obstructions and protruding objects should be identified and marked. Use caution when working around obstructions and protruding objects.
Eyewash Stations
Eyewash stations should be located within 100 feet of your work area. If you accidentally get something in your eyes, go directly to the eyewash station and flush your eyes with water for 15 minutes. Be sure to hold your eyes open with your fingers and "look" directly into the water streams. DO NOT RUB YOUR EYES! Rubbing your eyes may scratch or embed particles into your eyes. Once you have flushed your eyes with water, seek medical attention immediately.
CAUTION: Some chemicals are water reactive and become toxic when mixed with water. Talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the chemicals you will be using on your job. Be familiar with the MSDSs for all chemicals used in your job.
Safe Work Practices
As you work:
- Read and follow all warnings and precautions that may be found on equipment and hazardous materials; - Do not throw tools or participate in horseplay; - Keep sharp or pointed objects away from your eyes; and - Follow your supervisor's or safety manager's suggestions and recommendations for working safely.
Personal Protective Equipment
Safety Glasses
Safety glasses are perhaps the most widely used type of eye protection. While they may look similar to regular glasses, they are much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than regular glasses. In addition, most safety glasses are equipped with side shields that give you protection from hazards that may not be directly in front of you. Both prescription and nonprescription safety glasses are available. In addition, a wide variety of lens coatings are available for special work situations. Safety glasses should be Z-87 approved to meet OSHA regulations.
Goggles
Goggles give you more protection than safety glasses because they fit closer to your face. Because goggles surround the eye area, they give you more protection in situations where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors, powders, dusts, and mists. Different types of goggles are available. They must indicate that they are chemical splash goggles to be worn for that purpose.
Face Shields
Face shields offer you full face protection and are often used around operations which expose you to molten metal, chemical splashes, or flying particles. Many face shields can be used while wearing a hard hat.
NOTE: You should always wear safety glasses or goggles when using a face shield for added protection. Face shields alone are NOT considered adequate eye protection.
Welding Helmets
Welding helmets provide both face and eye protection. Welding helmets use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and radiant energy that is produced during welding operations. As with face shields, safety glasses or goggles should be worn when using a welding helmet.
Absorptive Lenses
Though you may not be a welder, a wide variety of absorptive lenses are available for use in safety glasses and goggles. These absorptive lenses offer additional protection if you must work where there is bright light or glare.
Care of Eye Protection Equipment
- Clean your eye protection
equipment. You can usually use mild soap and water. You may also use special wipes that are designed for cleaning protective eye equipment. Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth towels. These items will scratch and damage your equipment. - Always keep your eye protection equipment in good working condition. If it is damaged, have it repaired or replaced. - Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry area away from moisture. - Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before using any eye protection equipment. - If you have any questions concerning your eye protection equipment, talk with your supervisor or safety manager.
5.1.3.1.2. Respiratory System Protection ( Lung ):
Why Respiratory Protection is Important
Health hazards in the workplace are a major concern for both employers and employees. It is important, though, to remember that hazardous materials only present a health hazard when they come into contact with your body. Hazardous materials can enter your body in three ways:
1. Ingestion 2. Skin Absorption 3. Inhalation
Because many substances which are health hazards can become airborne, knowing how to protect yourself is very
Health Hazards: One of two major classes of hazardous materials covered by the Hazard Communication Standard. They are substances which threaten your health.
Inhalation
Of the three ways that hazardous materials can enter your body, inhalation is the most common route of exposure for most materials which are health hazards. This includes breathing in dust, fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and various gases.
The Breathing Process
To better understand how health hazards can enter your body by inhalation, let's take a closer look at the breathing process.
- Whenever you take a breath, oxygen rich air is taken into your body through your mouth and nose, goes down your windpipe and into your lungs.- In your lungs, there are tiny air sacs called alveoli.- These delicate air sacs then transfer the oxygen that is in the air into your blood. At the same time the oxygen is being absorbed into your bloodstream, carbon dioxide is being transferred from your bloodstream into the air sacs.- When you breathe out, you are ridding your body of gaseous wastes.
Lung Damage
Inhaling hazardous materials damages the delicate structure of your lungs. Lungs that have been damaged are more susceptible to respiratory diseases. These diseases often cannot be cured, and eventually lead to death. In short, respiratory protection is serious business.
Potential Hazards
Dusts
Dusts are formed whenever solid material is broken down into tiny particles. Dusts are often produced during sanding and grinding operations.
Potential Hazards
Vapors
Vapors are substances that are created when a solid or liquid material evaporates. Materials that evaporate easily at room temperature include paint thinner, solvents, and gasoline.
Potential Hazards
Fogs
Fogs are vapors which have condensed into tiny airborne particles or droplets. An example of a hazardous fog would be an insect fogger used to rid industrial and residential areas of ticks and fleas.
Potential Hazards
Mists & Sprays
Mists and sprays are very small droplets of liquid material suspended in the air. They are often produced by spray and coating operations.
Potential Hazards
Gases
Gases are materials that become airborne at room temperature. Gases may have an odor, but many do not. Some gases can be seen, but again, others cannot. Gases may be heavier than air, or lighter than air, but in either case, can travel for great distances undetected.
Potential Hazards
Fumes
Fumes can occur whenever a metal, plastic, or polymer is subjected to a high heat during such processes as welding and soldering operations.
Potential Hazards
Smoke
Smoke is made up of small particles produced by the incomplete combustion of any material that has carbon in it. Smoke is often produced during processes that require high heat or burning as part of the manufacturing process.
Types of Respirators
There are two major categories of
respirators:
1. Air Purifying Respirators These types of respirators include: - Air Purifying Disposable Particulate Masks; - Air Purifying Half Mask Respirators; - Air Purifying Full Face Mask Respirators; - Gas Masks; and - Powered Air Purifying Respirators.
2. Supplied Air Respirators These types of respirators include: - Airline Respirators; - Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus; and - Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Selecting the Correct Respirator
The first step in selecting the correct respirator is to determine the level of hazard that is posed by the environment in which you will be working. To do this, you must be able to answer four basic questions:
1. What type of contaminant is present?2. What is the form of the contaminant?3. How toxic is the contaminant?4. What is the concentration of the contaminant?
Because you may not be able to answer these questions on your own, always work with your supervisor or safety professional to determine the correct answers to these questions.
Selecting the Correct Respirator
In addition to determining the level of hazard that is posed by the environment, you must also consider:
1. How long will you be exposed to the contaminant?
2. What is your individual sensitivity to the contaminant?
3. What are your individual requirements? - Do you wear glasses? - Do you have a beard or other facial hair? - Do you wear dentures? - Will you have to wear other protective equipment?
Talk with your supervisor or safety professional to determine the correct respirator you will need to work safely.
Inspection Before Use
Every time you use your
respirator, you must first inspect it. To properly inspect a respirator before using it, you should look for:
- Cracks or chips in the faceplate; - Cracks or holes in the breathing tube or airlines; - Worn or frayed straps; - Worn or damaged fittings; - Bent or corroded buckles; and - Dirty or improperly seated valves.
If you find anything wrong with your respirator, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced immediately.
Donning the Respirator
1. With one hand, hold the respirator to your face.
2. While holding the respirator in place, slip the head harness over your head.
3. Adjust and tighten the head harness straps until the respirator fits snugly to your face. The best way to tighten a respirator is to tighten the straps from the bottom up.
To be sure that you know how to don the respirator properly, you should demonstrate donning the respirator to your supervisor or safety professional.
NOTE: Always check the guidelines provided by the manufacturer before donning, fitting, and using your respirator.
Fit Testing the Respirator
Because you want an airtight seal between your face and the respirator, you will need to fit test the respirator each time you wear it to make sure no contaminant gets inside the facepiece and into your lungs.
Positive Pressure Test Begin by closing the respirator's exhalation valve by covering it with your hand, then breathe out slowly. The facepiece will bulge out slightly. Hold your breath for about 10 seconds. If during this time no air leaks from around the facepiece, you know you have a good fit. If you do not have a good fit, readjust the head harness straps, and repeat the pressure test.
Monitoring Your Respirator
As you work, you must not only monitor the seal around your face, but you must also monitor how well your respirator is working.
You will know that your respirator is not working when:
- You can smell or taste the contaminant; - Breathing becomes difficult; - You become dizzy or sick feeling; - The manufacturer's recommended service life of the filters or cartridges expires; or - The respirator is damaged.
WARNING: Never use or continue to use a respirator that is not working perfectly.
Inspect and Clean Your Respirator After You Use It
After using your respirator, you should clean and inspect it. As you clean, be sure to look for:
- Cracks or chips in the faceplate; - Cracks or holes in the breathing tube or airlines; - Worn or frayed straps; - Worn or damaged fittings; - Bent or corroded buckles; or - Improperly seated valves.
If you find anything wrong with your respirator, have it repaired or replaced immediately.
Storing Respirators
If you are not going to use your respirator immediately, you will need to store it. To store your respirator, place it in a sealable plastic bag.
Be sure to store your respirator somewhere that is convenient for you, but is away from:
- Dust; - Sunlight; - Heat; - Extreme cold; - Moisture; and - Damaging chemicals.
5.1.3.1.3. Head Protection:
Why Head Protection is Importan
Your head is a very delicate part of your body. In and around your head are:
- Your eyes, with which you see; - Your ears, with which you hear; - Your nose, with which you smell; - Your mouth, with which you eat and speak; and - Your brain, with which you think.
Injuries to the head are very serious. For this reason, head protection and safety are very important.
Potential Hazards
Impact to the Head
Falling or flying objects are a common cause of head injuries. Also, falling or walking into hard objects can cause head injuries. These injuries include neck sprains, concussions, and skull fractures.
Potential Hazards
Electrical Shocks
Accidents involving electricity result in electrical shocks and burns.
Potential Hazards
Splashes, Spills, and Drips
Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can irritate and burn the eyes and skin.
How Hard Hats Protect You
Hard hats protect you by providing the following features:
- A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to the head; - A suspension system inside the hat that acts as a shock absorber; - Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks; - Shields your scalp, face, neck, and shoulders against splashes, spills, and drips; and - Some hard hats can be modified so you can add face shields, goggles, hoods, or hearing protection to them.
Types of Hard H
Class A Hard Hats
Class A hard hats are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts.
Class B Hard Hats
Class B hard hats are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts.
Types of Hard Ha
Class C Hard Hats
Class C Hard hat :- Protect you from falling objects; - DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; - DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances. Es.
Bump Caps
Bump caps are made from lightweight plastic and are designed to protect you from bumping your head on protruding objects. Bump caps DO NOT:
- Use a suspension system; - Protect you from falling objects; or - Protect you from electrical shocks.
WARNING: You should never substitute a bump cap for a hard hat.
Wearing Hard Hats
-Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas where there are potential head hazards. - Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that the hat sits comfortably, but securely on your head. - Inspect the shell of your hard hat for cracks, gouges, and dents. Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken Never use metal tape on your helmet because it can conduct electricity. - Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard straps. If your hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired immediately or ask your employer for a new one. - Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your hard hat. You may apply reflective plastic tape if you must work at night.
Never use metal tape on your helmet because it can conduct electricity. - Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard hat.
Caring for Your Hard Hat Caring for Your Hard Ha
Because your hard hat is an important piece of personal protective equipment, you should:
- Clean your hard hat at least once a month (or as needed) to remove oil, grease, chemicals, and sweat that can collect in and around your hat. - You can clean your hat by soaking it in a solution of mild soap and hot water for 5-10 minutes. Rinse with clear water, wipe, and let air dry. Or, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning your hat. - Because sunlight and heat can damage the suspension of your hat, always store your hat in a clean, dry, and cool location.
Excuses
There are NO excuses for not wearing your hard hat!
5.1.3.1.3. Hand :
Why Hand Protection is Important
Take a moment to hold your hands out in front of you. Look at them. They are the only two hands you will ever have.
It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on the job involve the hands. Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work would be greatly reduced.
Human hands are unique. No other creature in the world has hands that can grasp, hold, move, and manipulate objects like human hands. They are one of your greatest assets. And, as such, must be protected and cared for.
Potential Ha
Traumatic Injuries
You can suffer a traumatic injury to your hands in many ways.
- Tools and machines with a sharp edges can cut your hands. - Staples, screwdrivers, nails, chisels, and stiff wire can puncture your hands. - Getting your hands caught in machinery can sprain, crush, or remove your hands and fingers.
Potential Hazards
Contact Injuries
Coming into contact with caustic or toxic chemicals, biological substances, electrical sources, or extremely cold or hot objects can irritate or burn your hands.
WARNING: Toxic substances are poisonous substances that can be absorbed through your skin and enter your body.
Potential Hazards
Repetitive Motion Injuries
Whenever you repeat the same hand movement over a long period of time, you run the risk of repetitive motion problems. Repetitive motion problems often appear as a numbness or tingling sensation accompanied by pain and the loss of gripping power in your hands.
Preventative Measures
Engineering Controls
Machine guards and safety mechanisms are designed to protect your hands and fingers.
WARNING: Never remove machine guards or bypass safety mechanisms. Check with your organization's lockout-tagout procedures before attempting to put your hands into machinery.
Preventative Measures
Housekeeping and Hygiene
Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to hand injuries.
Good hygiene includes handwashing. Handwashing helps to remove germs and dirt from your hands. Clean hands are less susceptible to infection and other skin problems such as contact dermatitis.
Gloves
There are many type of gloves that are designed to protect your hands.
Metal mesh gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts.
Leather gloves shield your hands from rough surfaces.
Vinyl and neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic chemicals.
Rubber gloves protect you when working around electricity.
Always talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the type of glove you should be using on your job.
Padded cloth gloves protect your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration.
Heat resistant gloves protect your hands from heat and flames.
Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria.
Lead-lined gloves are used to protect your hands from radiation sources.
Wearing and Using Gloves
- Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going to be performing. - Select gloves that fit. - Some gloves may be chemical specified and have a life expectancy. Discard them after the recommended time has expired. - Remove any rings, watches, or bracelets that might cut or tear your gloves. - Wash your hands before and after wearing your gloves. - Inspect your gloves before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak. - Replace gloves that are worn or torn. - After working with chemicals, hold your gloved hands under running water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing the gloves. - Wash cotton gloves as needed. - Avoid borrowing gloves. Gloves are personal protective equipment. - Store gloves right side out in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area. - Never wear gloves around powered rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc.
Other Protective Measures
Barrier Creams
- Water Repellent Creams are used to protect your hands from caustic chemicals.
- Solvent-Repellent Creams are used to protect your hands from solvents, oils, and other organic chemicals.
- Sunscreens protect your skin from the damaging effects of the sun.
- Vanishing Creams protect your skin against mild acids, and make cleaning up easier.
WARNING: Never substitute a barrier cream when you should use gloves.
Other Protective Measures
- Forearm Cuffs are used to protect your forearm.
- Thumb Guards and Finger Cots protect only your thumb or fingers.
- Mittens protect your hands while working around very cold or hot materials.
- Hand Pads are often found in kitchens and laboratories. Hand pads protect your hands while working around very hot materials.
Repetitive Motion Injuries
Some jobs require that you repeat the same hand motion over and over again. These kind of jobs may cause what is known as repetitive motion injuries. Early symptoms include numbness and tingling in the fingers and hand.
If you start having these symptoms, take a break. Also, simple hand exercises such as flexing the wrist and stretching the fingers will help.
If the problem persists, talk with your supervisor or safety manager.
Remember! Your hands are one of your greatest assets.
Protect them!
5.1.3.1.5. Foot Protection:
Why Foot Protection is Important
Scientists and engineers for centuries have marveled at the design and structure of the human foot. The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire body, and yet flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports, and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes, your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.
Potential Hazard
Impact Injuries
If you have ever stubbed your toe, you know that impact injuries can hurt. At work, heavy objects can fall on your feet. If you work around sharp objects, you can step on something sharp and puncture your foot.
Potential Hazards
Injuries from Spills and Splashes
Liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can spill into your shoes and boots. These hazardous materials can cause chemical and heat burns.
Potential Hazards
Compression Injuries
Heavy machinery, equipment, and other objects can roll over your feet. The result of these types of accidents is often broken or crushed bones.
Potential Hazards
Electrical Shocks
Accidents involving electricity can cause severe shocks and burns.
Potential Hazards
Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture
If not protected, your feet can suffer from frostbite if you must work in an extremely cold environment. Extreme heat, on the other hand, can blister and burn your feet. Finally, extreme moisture in your shoes or boots can lead to fungal infections.
Potential Hazards
Slipping
Oil, water, soaps, wax, and other chemicals can cause you to slip and fall.
Preventative Measures
Housekeeping
Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to foot injuries.
Personal Protective Equipment
Safety Shoes and Boots
There are many types of footwear that are designed to protect your feet.
Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed.
Metatarsal footwear have special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot.
Reinforced sole footwear have metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures.
Latex/Rubber footwear resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces.
Personal Protective Equipment
PVC footwear protects your feet against moisture and improves traction.
Butyl footwear protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and alkalies.
Vinyl footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood.
Nitrile footwear resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals.
Personal Protective Equipment
Always talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the type of footwear you should be using on your job.
Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded.
Electrical hazard footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
Disposable footwear includes shower slippers, clear polyethylene and nonwoven booties used in dust free work areas.
Wearing and Using Safety Footwear
Select and use the right kind of footwear for the job you are going to be performing. Footwear should meet or exceed the standards set by ANSI (ANSI Z41-1991).
Avoid footwear made of leather or cloth if you work around acids or caustics. These chemicals quickly eat through the leather or cloth, and can injure your feet.
Select footwear that fit.
Inspect your footwear before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak.
Replace footwear that are worn or torn.
After working with chemicals, hose your footwear with water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing your footwear.
Avoid borrowing footwear. Footwear is personal protective equipment.
Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area.
Remember!
Your feet are one of your greatest assets.
Protect them!
5.1.3.2. Safety for building :
5.1.3.2.1. Excavation
5.1.3.2.2. Fall Protection
Horizontal lifelines
Anchorage Connector Grip Anchorage Connector
Application Samples 1 Body harness
Claw & Body harness
Body harness Full set kit
Type of Claw Body Harness
Application Samples 2 Body belt
Body Belt
Type of Claw
Application Samples 3 SRL
SRL Self Retracting Lifelines
Application Samples 4 Working in high
Good sample protection during works at high level, such as roofing works
Positioning Assemblies use w/ harness
Positioning Assemblies
5.1.3.2.3. Scaffolding
General Guidelines for Proper Erection
Accidents and injuries can be reduced when the guidelines in this section are followed.
1 Supervise the erection of scaffolding. This must be done by a person competent by skill, experience and training to ensure safe installation according to the manufacturer’s specifications and other requirements.
2 Know the voltage of energized power lines. Ensure increased awareness of location of energized power lines; maintain safe clearance between scaffolds and power lines
(i.e., minimum distance of 3' for insulated lines less than 300 volts; 10' for insulated lines 300 volts or more).
3 Identify heat sources like steam pipes. Anticipate the presence of hazards before erecting scaffolds and keep a safe distance from them.
4 Be sure that fall protection equipment is available before beginning erection and use
it as needed.
5 Have scaffolding material delivered as close to the erection site as possible to minimize the need for manual handling. Arrange components in the order of erection.
6 Ensure the availability of material hoisting and rigging equipment to lift components to the erection point and eliminate the need to climb with components.
Examine all scaffold components prior to erection.
7 Return and tag “Do Not Use” or destroy defective components.
8 Prohibit or restrict the intermixing of manufactured scaffold components, unless:
(1) the components fit together properly, without force,
(2) the use of dissimilar metals will not reduce strength,
(3) the design load capacities are maintained.
9 All scaffold decks should be planked as fully as possible (beginning at the work surface face) with gaps between planks no more than 1" wide (to account for plank warp and wane). (Figure 1 shows types of planking.)
10 The remaining space on bearer member (between the last plank and guardrail) cannot exceed 91⁄2" (the space required to install an additional plank).
11 Guardrail systems are not required on the building side when the platform is less than 16" from the building, except for suspended scaffolds where the maximum distance is 12". In addition, scaffold setbacks will depend upon the needs of the trade. As an example, masons require the scaffold platform to be as close to the wall as possible (within 6"), while lathers and plasterers using spraying apparatus must stand back (and prefer a setback distance of at least 18"). Platform units must not extend less than 6" over their supports unless they are cleated or contain hooks or other restraining devices.
12 When platform units are abutted together or overlapped to make a
long platform, each end should rest on a separate support or equivalent support. Wood preservatives, fire retardant finishes and slip-resistant finishes can be applied to platform units; however, no coating should obscure the top and bottom of wooden surfaces. If fire retardants are used, an engineer should ensure that the plank(s) will carry the required load since fire retardants can reduce the plank
load capacity.
13 Provide suitable access to and between scaffolds (see figure 4). Access can be provided by portable ladders; hook-on ladders; attachable ladders; stairway-type ladders; integral prefabricated scaffold rungs; direct passage from another scaffold, structure or personnel hoist; ramps; runways; or similar adequate means.
14 Cross braces and scaffold frames shall not be used for access scaffold platforms unless they are equipped with a built-in ladder specifically designed for such purpose. All ladders in use must meet OSHA specifications, designed according to standards and secured against displacement.
15 The bottom steps of ladders must not be more than two feet from the supporting
level.
16 Rest platforms are recommended for at least every 30–36' of elevation.
17 When direct access is used, spacing between scaffold and another surface should
be no more than 14" horizontally and 2 feet vertically.
Guidelines for Use
• Be certain that scaffolds and components are not loaded beyond their rated and
maximum capacities.
• Prohibit the movement of scaffolds when employees are on them.
• Maintain a safe distance from energized power lines.
• Prohibit work on scaffolds until snow, ice and other materials that could cause
slipping and falls are removed.
• Protect suspension ropes from contact with sources of heat (welding, cutting, etc.)
and from acids and other corrosive substances.
• Prohibit scaffold use during storms and high winds.
• Remove debris and unnecessary materials from scaffold platforms.
• Prohibit the use of ladders and other devices to increase working heights on
platforms.
Guidelines for Alteration and Dismantling
• Require that scaffolds be altered, moved and dismantled under the supervision of a
competent person.
• Alteration and dismantling activities should be planned and performed with the same
care as with erection.
• Tag any incomplete scaffold or damaged component out of service.
Inspections
Inspect all scaffolds and components upon receipt at the erection location. Return, tag “Do Not Use” or destroy defective components. Inspect scaffolds before use and attach a tag stating the time and date of inspection.
Inspect scaffolds before each work shift and especially after changing weather conditions and prolonged interruptions of work. Check for such items as solid foundations, stable conditions, complete working and rest platforms, suitable anchorage points, required guardrails, loose connections, tie-off points, damaged components, proper access, and the use of fall protection equipment.
Maintenance and Storage
Maintain scaffolds in good repair. Only replacement components from the original manufacturer should be used. Intermixing scaffold components from different manufacturers should be avoided. Fabricated scaffolds should be repaired according to the manufacturer’s specifications and guidance. Job-built scaffolds should not be repaired without the supervision of a competent person.
Store all scaffolding parts in an organized manner in a dry and protected environment.
Examine all parts and clean, repair or dispose of them as necessary
--------------------- HAVE A NICE DAY --------------------------
Chapter
1. LEGAL BASE OF THE SAFETY & HEALTH IN INDONESIA
1. Republic Of Indonesian Law
2. Government Regulations
3. Regulation from Ministry Of Labor & Transmigration
2. KEPPEL LAND POLICY & STATEMENT
1. Keppel Land Limited Policy Statement
2. Contractor’s Policy Statement
3 OBJECTIVES & TARGETS
4 COMMUNICATION
1. Kick-off Meeting
2. Weekly progress meeting
3. Monthly Site Safety Committee Meeting
4. Toolbox Talks and Team Talks
5. Daily
6. weekly
7. Monthly Report
8. Feedback from Site
9. Language
5 SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
1. Project Buildings
2.1. Project Access
2.2. Project Fences
2.3. Safety Building Construction. ( Training materials )
CHAPTER 1
LEGAL BASE OF THE SAFETY & HEALTH IN INDONESIA
1.1.Republic Of Indonesia Law
The Law foundation of Safety & Health in Indonesia base on the Republic Of Indonesian Law :
No.21 tahun 2003.
The Government officially adopted the ILO Convention No. 81 concerning labor inspection in industry and commerce. ( ILO no.81 ) as a integrated part of Indonesian Law.
No.13 tahun 2003. Concerning Labor
No. 1 tahun 1970. Concerning the safety Works
Base on the :
Law Of Steam 1930. Stoom Ordonnantie
Steam Regulation 1930. Stoom verordening
1.2.Government Regulations
The government Regulations is more specific and use the
Republic Of Indonesia Law as a basic guidance :
No.19 tahun 1973
The regulations for working safety supervision for mining Company
No.11 tahun 1979
The regulations for working safety supervision for Gas and
petrol purification process.
1.3.Regulation from Ministry Of Labor & Transmigration
This regulation were issued by Ministry Of Labor and more specific
for site works applications.
1). No. Per-01/MEN/1978 Concerning for safety & healthy works for timber saw
& timber transportation
2). No. Per-03/MEN/1978 Requirements for promotion, scope of works &
responsibility for the safety & healthy staff & expert
3). No. Per-01/MEN/1980 Concerning Safety & Healthy works at the building
construction
4). No. Per-04/MEN/1980 Requirements for installation & maintenance for fire
Extinguisher.
5). No. Per-01/MEN/1982 Concerning the pressure tanks
6). No.Per-02/MEN/1982 Qualification for welder
7). No.Per-02/MEN/1983 Installation of the automatic fire alarm
8). No.Per-04/MEN/1985 Concerning power and production tools
9). No.Per-05/MEN/1985 Concerning lifting and transportation tools
10). No.Kep-1135/MEN/1987 Concerning the safety flag
11). No.Kep-147/MEN/1989 Health care insurance for working labor
12). No.Kep-51/MEN/1999 Value limitation perimeter for the physic factor at site work
13). No.Kep-187/MEN/1999 Concerning monitoring of the hazard chemicals
14). No.3 tahun 1969 Indonesian Law Agreement convention ILO no.120. Concerning
the hygiene in trading and offices.
(Lembaran negara no.14 tahun 1969 )
15). No.Kep-79/MEN/2003 Guidance for disease diagnose and justification for handicap
and disease which is caused by worked
16). No.kep-68/MEN/IV/2004 Prevention & handling HIV/AIDS at site work
17). No.Per-11/MEN/2005 Prevention & handling drugs, narcotics & other psychotropic
disorder at the site work
18). No.Kep-37/DJPPK/XI/2004 Provision & identity for safety and healthy work expertise
19). No.SE-02/MEN/DJPPK/II/2006 Concerning the supervision improvement of the
power piping installation usage
20). No.Per-01/MEN/1976 The requirement to follow the Hyperkes training
for the company medical doctor
21). No.Per-01/MEN/1979 The requirement to follow the Hygiene, health
and safety training for the company paramedic
22). No.Per-02/MEN/1980 Concerning the labor health examination in a
term of the safety work
23). No.Per-01/MEN/1981 Concerning the duty to report the disease which
is caused by worked
24). No.Per-03/MEN/1982 Health services for the working labor
25). No.Per-03/MEN/1985 Concerning the usage of asbes in the term of
safety & healthy works
26). No.Per-01/MEN/1998 Concerning the labor health care services in the
term of health insurance
27). No.Per-04/MEN/1998 Concerning the promotion, termination & working
procedures for medical doctor
28). No.Kep-333/MEN/1989 Concerning the diagnose & report of the disease
which is caused by worked result
29). No.Per-03/MEN/1988 Concerning the accident report & audit
30). No.Per-03/MEN/1999 Concerning the safety & healthy works
requirements for the human & goods elevator
31). No.Kep-407/BW/1999 Concerning the requirements for promotion, right
& responsibility of the elevator technician
32). No.Kep-186/MEN/1999 Fire management control on the working site
33). No.Kep-75/MEN/2002 Instruction to follow the Indonesian National
Standard (SNI) for general electrical installation.
SNI-04-0225-2000.
34). No.Kep-311/BW/2002 Requirement for safety & health Qualification
for the electrical technician
35). No.7 tahun 1973 Concerning the monitoring of distribution, storage
& the usage of Pesticide
36). No.22 tahun 1993 Concerning the disease cause by works
relationship
37). No.7 tahun 1964 The requirements of the health, cleanness and
the lighting at the site works.
38). No.Kep-245/MEN/1990 Concerning the safety works national day
39). No.Per-04/MEN/1987 Concerning the safety and health committee
and the requirements to promote the safety works expertise
40). No. Per-01 /M EN/1988 Qualification and requirements for steam engines operator
41). No. Per-01 /MEN/1989 Qualification and requirements for crane operator
42). No.Per-02/MEN/1989 Supervision for the lightning protection installation
43). No.Per-02/MEN/1992 Regulation to choose, responsibility and scope of
works for the safety and health expertise
44). No. Per-04/M EN/1995 Concerning the safety & health company service
45). No.Per-05/MEN/1996 Concerning the management system for the safety & healthy works
46). No. l ns.11 /M/B/1997 Concerning the special supervision for K3, the
fire control management ( K3: Keselamatan & Kesehatan Kerja )
CHAPTER 2
2. KEPPEL LAND POLICY & STATEMENT
2.1. Keppel Land Limited Policy Statement
Keppel Land Limited (Keppel Land) believes that healthy and safe working conditions are part and parcel of achieving business excellence. Hence, we are committed to conducting our business in a manner that sustains the environment and protects the health and safety of our employees.
To fulfil this policy, Keppel Land is committed to making available adequate resources. In addition, we will set measurable targets and monitor their progress through audit and periodic reviews.
In this connection, employees must commit to observing all safety and health rules, practices and laws that apply to their job, and for taking precautions necessary to protect them, their co-workers, contractors, visitors and the public from harm which may arise out of work activities.
We will strive for continuous improvements by regularly reviewing our programmed and processes, risk assessment and controls, supported by awareness of the relevant legislative requirements.
2.2.Contractor's Policy Statement
It is required that the Contractor also fulfils this commitment. Contractor shall prepare, implement and maintain a Project Health & Safety (H&S) Policy, which shall contain the following:
i) A written statement of policy describing Contractor's H&S Philosophy and Project Safety Objectives for the total contract up to provisional acceptance, recently dated and signed by the Senior Executive of the Contractor.
ii) Establishment of H&S as a line management responsibility.
iii) Recognition that all incidents and injuries are preventable.
This policy shall be issued within one month of contract award. Contractor shall ensure that its own and subcontractor's Occupational H&S conservation policies and standards are compatible with each other and that all work is carried out with proper regard to the operating country Law and Safety Regulations and in strict accordance with the Project H&S Plan.
Within 10 weeks of award of the Contract, the Contractor shall provide the Keppel Land's Project Manager with a Detailed Project H&S Plan for his acceptance. The content of this H&S Management Plan shall as a minimum address the following:
i) Responsibilities of senior management, site management, H&S personnel and supervisory team
ii) Responsibilities of H&S committee, member and its organization chart
iii) Responsibilities of H&S key personnel
iv) Responsibilities of employees
v) Details of H&S trainings undertaken by the above mentioned group
vi) Details of contractor H&S auditing procedures
vii) Proposed project H&S communication campaign
viii) Contractor H&S meeting schedule and personnel involved
ix) Accident/near-miss investigation and reporting
x) Emergency response plan
xi) Details of contractor employee H&S induction
xii) Details of contractor equipment record and maintenance schedule
xiii) Contractor housekeeping program
xiv) Contractor planned medical and first-aid facilities
CHAPTER 3
3. OBJECTIVES & TARGETS
Within Keppel Land, the three healths and safety outcome measures used to determine the safety performance are:
a) Number of Fatalities
b) Accident Frequency Rate
c) Accident Severity Rate
The Contractor shall set safety objectives and targets for the development project at the beginning of every fiscal year to provide direction and create forward momentum to the Health and Safety program. The Contractor will establish a plan which outlines how the objectives will be achieved.
Safety objectives have to be assigned to the relevant Contractor's managers and supervisory staff and be part of their performance management system.
Performance against these objectives and targets has to be periodically monitored, and safety management activities will be required to be improved if the project performance is failing to achieve these targets.
CHAPTER 4
4. COMMUNICATION
Effective communications are vital to the successful implementation of the health and safety plan. Communications take many forms but their common objective is to improve understanding of health and safety matters and from this, to obtain the support, co-operation and commitment of all interested parties. The Contractor is to propose his overall strategy for communications of all matters relevant to safety both within the project site and between the various project organizations.
(A) Kick-off Meeting:
On award of a contract the Contractor shall convene a kick off meeting attended by the Keppel Land Project Manager and HSE Manager. Agenda items shall include as a minimum:-
i) Type and nature of work.
ii) Scope of work.
iii) Allowable working hours.
iv) Confirm that work can be safely executed within the proposed
programmed of works.
v) H&S Induction Requirements.
vi) Personnel Protective Clothing.
vii) Plant and equipment, standards and requirements.
viii) Noise restriction including local requirements.
ix) Interfaces with other Contractors.
x) Contractor's H&S plan.
xi) Auditing - participation and involvement.
xii) Risk Assessments.
xiii) Training and Instruction.
xiv) Hazardous materials.
xv) Reporting of incidents and accidents.
xvi) Permit System - administration and requirements.
xvii) Working on live operating process plant.
xviii) Languages.
xix) Any other specific anticipated hazards related to the work scope.
xx) Environmental Considerations.
xxi) Security, fencing and access.
xxii) Entry passes/personnel identification.
xxiii) Site communications (radio systems).
xxiv) Vehicle use.
(B) Weekly Progress Meeting
A weekly progress meeting will be held with each Subcontractor's management. Keppel Land representative, the Contractor and the appropriate Subcontractor's will attend this meeting. H&S issues will be the first topic on the meeting agenda.
(C) Monthly Site Safety Committee Meeting
A Site Safety Committee shall be formed to provide an effective channel of communications between contractors within the worksite to ensure that health and safety issues are properly identified, reviewed and addressed. The committee shall meet at least once a month.
The frequency of this meeting may be increased, if deemed necessary.
Attendees will include: -
Contractor Project Manager Chairman
Contractor H&S Personnel Secretary
Field Supervision Rotating Basis
Site Managers Subcontractors
Safety Representatives Subcontractors
The agenda for the meeting will be structured around the following guidelines as a minimum:-
i) Minutes of the last meeting.
ii) Accidents, incidents and near misses.
iii) Lessons learned/actions required from accidents/incidents.
iv) Publicity/promotion/initiatives.
v) Monthly look-ahead of construction activities.
vi) Anticipated concerns.
vii) Interface between Contractors.
viii) Feedback from site personnel.
A copy of the minutes of meeting shall be forwarded to Keppel Land Project Manager.
(D) Toolbox Talks and Team Talks
The effectiveness of Toolbox talks and Team talks have proved themselves in past projects and it is a requirement of this project that Contractor develops a strategy, with his Subcontractors, with regard to this topic. Below are some guidelines to assist with this strategy.
(E) Daily
Daily "team talks" to be given at start of each shift. These shall be conducted by the Subcontractors' line supervision, in a language or languages understood by the workforce and should address the application of safety rules and procedures to the hazards of current work.
Duration of the team talk should typically be 5 minutes, but particularly hazardous operations may require extended team talks, for example, confined space entry.
(F) Weekly
The Contractor shall introduce weekly "tool box talks" of 15-20 minutes duration every morning at the start of the shift in a language understood by the workforce. Topics will be agreed between Contractor's H&S Personnel and the Subcontractor. Typical topics could be but are not limited to:-
i) Care and use of respiratory protection.
ii) Manual handling and lifting
iii) Noise and noise induced hearing loss
iv) Process hazards
v) Accident causation
vi) Topical issues relevant to the project
vii) Fire prevention
viii) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
ix) Scaffold appreciation
x) House keeping
xi) Risk Analysis
xii) Working at Height
xiii) Protecting the environment
xiv) Action items/lessons learned or recommendations as a result of any accidents/incidents.
(G) Monthly Report
Contractor shall prepare a monthly H&S report and submit to Keppel Land Project Manager by the 2nd Monday of each month to cover the previous month's activities. The H&S report shall include, as a minimum for the reporting period:-
i) A tabulation of all accidents and incidents and their apparent cause.
ii) A tabulation of all hazards observed at the work site, a description of corrective action taken to deal with them and the individual actioned to rectify the shortfall.
iii) A summary of the Contractor's H&S activities, problem areas, corrective actions, government visits and H&S audits.
iv) The numbers of personnel on work site by Subcontractor and the total man-hours worked on a monthly and cumulative basis.
Additionally, from the beginning of the construction phase, graphs and statistics shall be prepared, on a cumulative basis showing record able injury rates and lost workday injury rates.
(H) Feedback from Site
It is important that site personnel form an active part of the health and safety process. Lines of communication need to be developed from site personnel through their supervision and management. Contractor is to define how he plans to develop these communications links.
Mechanisms for feed back should include, as a minimum: -
i) Suggestion boxes
ii) Recording of concerns/recommendations raised at toolbox, or team talks
iii) Concerns/recommendations raised with site supervision
Any advice on H&S issues, generated by site personnel should be tabled at the monthly safety committee meeting. The conclusion of these discussions should be communicated back to the work force.
(I) Language
Contractor shall identify a strategy to ensure good communications are in place for any multi-lingual workforce employed at the work site.
CHAPTER 5
5. SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
5.1. Project Buildings
5.1.1. Project Access
* Project area must have a properly access to go in & out.
( The Clearance space & access condition )
* The strength of the access way to receive the Load.
* Enough lighting during the night time.
* Easy to control & monitor. ( Only have one or two access )
5.1.2. Project Fences
* Project Fences must be build before the project is started.
* Project Fences must have ability to protect the project area
from the Un-authorized person & all the project property inside the
project site. ( From stealing or even sabotage )
( This matter must be integrated with the project security system )
* Project Fence material must be strong enough & last until the end of
the project.
5.1.3. Safety on Building Construction
5.1.3.1.Safety for Body part :
Safety on building construction is important to safe our body part or
even our life during the construction period. All of our body part must
be carefully taking care & protect during the works commencing. Our
body part that usually expose to the danger are:
· Eye and Face
· Respiratory system ( Lung )
· Head
· Hand
· Foot
Base on that fact we need to make a properly protection for all body part:
5.1.3.1.1. Eye and Face Protection:
Why Eye and Face Protection is Important ?
Thousands of people are blinded each year from work related eye injuries. Injuries that could have been prevented, if only people would have used eye or face protection.
Potential Hazards
Flying Objects or Particles
Operations such as grinding, chiseling, sanding, and hammering often create flying objects or particles that can damage your eyes.
Potential Hazards
Dusts, Powders, Fumes, and Mists
Small particles of matter can enter your eyes and damage them. Operations such as grinding, chiseling, sanding, hammering, and spraying can create small airborne particles; particles that can injure your eyes.
The major types of accidents that cause blindness include:
- Objects striking the eye; - Contact with chemicals and other hazardous materials; - Being struck by swinging objects such as chains and ropes; and - Viewing radiant energy sources such as welding operations or lasers.
Potential Hazards
Toxic Gases, Vapors, and Liquids
Toxic chemicals in the form of gases, vapors, and liquids can damage your eyes. Always read the appropriate MSDS before working with any hazardous material.
NOTE: Some manufacturing processes produce hazardous gases, vapors and liquids. Always check with your supervisor or safety manager to learn the type of eye or face protection you will need to use in order to work safely.
Potential Hazards
Large Objects
Large objects such as:
1. swinging chains, cables and ropes; 2. tools that are thrown or fall; 3. any sharp objects such as knives, scissors, pencils, etc.; and 4. walking or falling into obstructions can damage your eyes or face.
Protective Measures
Work Area Barriers
Operations such as sanding, grinding, welding, and lathe operations produce dust, vapors, and flying particles. To protect other workers, work area barriers such as movable screens and barriers should be set up to separate workers and bystanders from hazardous operations.
Protective Measures
Ventilation
Operations which use or produce vapors, gases, mists, dusts, powders, and other airborne particles should be ventilated. Ventilation, along with damping systems, can significantly reduce the amount of airborne particles that could be hazardous to your eyes.
Protective Measures
Lighting
Good lighting is important in work areas. Good lighting reduces eye strain and glare. It also promotes both safety and improved productivity.
Signs and Warnings
Obstructions and protruding objects should be identified and marked. Use caution when working around obstructions and protruding objects.
Eyewash Stations
Eyewash stations should be located within 100 feet of your work area. If you accidentally get something in your eyes, go directly to the eyewash station and flush your eyes with water for 15 minutes. Be sure to hold your eyes open with your fingers and "look" directly into the water streams. DO NOT RUB YOUR EYES! Rubbing your eyes may scratch or embed particles into your eyes. Once you have flushed your eyes with water, seek medical attention immediately.
CAUTION: Some chemicals are water reactive and become toxic when mixed with water. Talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the chemicals you will be using on your job. Be familiar with the MSDSs for all chemicals used in your job.
Safe Work Practices
As you work:
- Read and follow all warnings and precautions that may be found on equipment and hazardous materials; - Do not throw tools or participate in horseplay; - Keep sharp or pointed objects away from your eyes; and - Follow your supervisor's or safety manager's suggestions and recommendations for working safely.
Personal Protective Equipment
Safety Glasses
Safety glasses are perhaps the most widely used type of eye protection. While they may look similar to regular glasses, they are much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than regular glasses. In addition, most safety glasses are equipped with side shields that give you protection from hazards that may not be directly in front of you. Both prescription and nonprescription safety glasses are available. In addition, a wide variety of lens coatings are available for special work situations. Safety glasses should be Z-87 approved to meet OSHA regulations.
Goggles
Goggles give you more protection than safety glasses because they fit closer to your face. Because goggles surround the eye area, they give you more protection in situations where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors, powders, dusts, and mists. Different types of goggles are available. They must indicate that they are chemical splash goggles to be worn for that purpose.
Face Shields
Face shields offer you full face protection and are often used around operations which expose you to molten metal, chemical splashes, or flying particles. Many face shields can be used while wearing a hard hat.
NOTE: You should always wear safety glasses or goggles when using a face shield for added protection. Face shields alone are NOT considered adequate eye protection.
Welding Helmets
Welding helmets provide both face and eye protection. Welding helmets use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and radiant energy that is produced during welding operations. As with face shields, safety glasses or goggles should be worn when using a welding helmet.
Absorptive Lenses
Though you may not be a welder, a wide variety of absorptive lenses are available for use in safety glasses and goggles. These absorptive lenses offer additional protection if you must work where there is bright light or glare.
Care of Eye Protection Equipment
- Clean your eye protection
equipment. You can usually use mild soap and water. You may also use special wipes that are designed for cleaning protective eye equipment. Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth towels. These items will scratch and damage your equipment. - Always keep your eye protection equipment in good working condition. If it is damaged, have it repaired or replaced. - Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry area away from moisture. - Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before using any eye protection equipment. - If you have any questions concerning your eye protection equipment, talk with your supervisor or safety manager.
5.1.3.1.2. Respiratory System Protection ( Lung ):
Why Respiratory Protection is Important
Health hazards in the workplace are a major concern for both employers and employees. It is important, though, to remember that hazardous materials only present a health hazard when they come into contact with your body. Hazardous materials can enter your body in three ways:
1. Ingestion 2. Skin Absorption 3. Inhalation
Because many substances which are health hazards can become airborne, knowing how to protect yourself is very
Health Hazards: One of two major classes of hazardous materials covered by the Hazard Communication Standard. They are substances which threaten your health.
Inhalation
Of the three ways that hazardous materials can enter your body, inhalation is the most common route of exposure for most materials which are health hazards. This includes breathing in dust, fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and various gases.
The Breathing Process
To better understand how health hazards can enter your body by inhalation, let's take a closer look at the breathing process.
- Whenever you take a breath, oxygen rich air is taken into your body through your mouth and nose, goes down your windpipe and into your lungs.- In your lungs, there are tiny air sacs called alveoli.- These delicate air sacs then transfer the oxygen that is in the air into your blood. At the same time the oxygen is being absorbed into your bloodstream, carbon dioxide is being transferred from your bloodstream into the air sacs.- When you breathe out, you are ridding your body of gaseous wastes.
Lung Damage
Inhaling hazardous materials damages the delicate structure of your lungs. Lungs that have been damaged are more susceptible to respiratory diseases. These diseases often cannot be cured, and eventually lead to death. In short, respiratory protection is serious business.
Potential Hazards
Dusts
Dusts are formed whenever solid material is broken down into tiny particles. Dusts are often produced during sanding and grinding operations.
Potential Hazards
Vapors
Vapors are substances that are created when a solid or liquid material evaporates. Materials that evaporate easily at room temperature include paint thinner, solvents, and gasoline.
Potential Hazards
Fogs
Fogs are vapors which have condensed into tiny airborne particles or droplets. An example of a hazardous fog would be an insect fogger used to rid industrial and residential areas of ticks and fleas.
Potential Hazards
Mists & Sprays
Mists and sprays are very small droplets of liquid material suspended in the air. They are often produced by spray and coating operations.
Potential Hazards
Gases
Gases are materials that become airborne at room temperature. Gases may have an odor, but many do not. Some gases can be seen, but again, others cannot. Gases may be heavier than air, or lighter than air, but in either case, can travel for great distances undetected.
Potential Hazards
Fumes
Fumes can occur whenever a metal, plastic, or polymer is subjected to a high heat during such processes as welding and soldering operations.
Potential Hazards
Smoke
Smoke is made up of small particles produced by the incomplete combustion of any material that has carbon in it. Smoke is often produced during processes that require high heat or burning as part of the manufacturing process.
Types of Respirators
There are two major categories of
respirators:
1. Air Purifying Respirators These types of respirators include: - Air Purifying Disposable Particulate Masks; - Air Purifying Half Mask Respirators; - Air Purifying Full Face Mask Respirators; - Gas Masks; and - Powered Air Purifying Respirators.
2. Supplied Air Respirators These types of respirators include: - Airline Respirators; - Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus; and - Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Selecting the Correct Respirator
The first step in selecting the correct respirator is to determine the level of hazard that is posed by the environment in which you will be working. To do this, you must be able to answer four basic questions:
1. What type of contaminant is present?2. What is the form of the contaminant?3. How toxic is the contaminant?4. What is the concentration of the contaminant?
Because you may not be able to answer these questions on your own, always work with your supervisor or safety professional to determine the correct answers to these questions.
Selecting the Correct Respirator
In addition to determining the level of hazard that is posed by the environment, you must also consider:
1. How long will you be exposed to the contaminant?
2. What is your individual sensitivity to the contaminant?
3. What are your individual requirements? - Do you wear glasses? - Do you have a beard or other facial hair? - Do you wear dentures? - Will you have to wear other protective equipment?
Talk with your supervisor or safety professional to determine the correct respirator you will need to work safely.
Inspection Before Use
Every time you use your
respirator, you must first inspect it. To properly inspect a respirator before using it, you should look for:
- Cracks or chips in the faceplate; - Cracks or holes in the breathing tube or airlines; - Worn or frayed straps; - Worn or damaged fittings; - Bent or corroded buckles; and - Dirty or improperly seated valves.
If you find anything wrong with your respirator, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced immediately.
Donning the Respirator
1. With one hand, hold the respirator to your face.
2. While holding the respirator in place, slip the head harness over your head.
3. Adjust and tighten the head harness straps until the respirator fits snugly to your face. The best way to tighten a respirator is to tighten the straps from the bottom up.
To be sure that you know how to don the respirator properly, you should demonstrate donning the respirator to your supervisor or safety professional.
NOTE: Always check the guidelines provided by the manufacturer before donning, fitting, and using your respirator.
Fit Testing the Respirator
Because you want an airtight seal between your face and the respirator, you will need to fit test the respirator each time you wear it to make sure no contaminant gets inside the facepiece and into your lungs.
Positive Pressure Test Begin by closing the respirator's exhalation valve by covering it with your hand, then breathe out slowly. The facepiece will bulge out slightly. Hold your breath for about 10 seconds. If during this time no air leaks from around the facepiece, you know you have a good fit. If you do not have a good fit, readjust the head harness straps, and repeat the pressure test.
Monitoring Your Respirator
As you work, you must not only monitor the seal around your face, but you must also monitor how well your respirator is working.
You will know that your respirator is not working when:
- You can smell or taste the contaminant; - Breathing becomes difficult; - You become dizzy or sick feeling; - The manufacturer's recommended service life of the filters or cartridges expires; or - The respirator is damaged.
WARNING: Never use or continue to use a respirator that is not working perfectly.
Inspect and Clean Your Respirator After You Use It
After using your respirator, you should clean and inspect it. As you clean, be sure to look for:
- Cracks or chips in the faceplate; - Cracks or holes in the breathing tube or airlines; - Worn or frayed straps; - Worn or damaged fittings; - Bent or corroded buckles; or - Improperly seated valves.
If you find anything wrong with your respirator, have it repaired or replaced immediately.
Storing Respirators
If you are not going to use your respirator immediately, you will need to store it. To store your respirator, place it in a sealable plastic bag.
Be sure to store your respirator somewhere that is convenient for you, but is away from:
- Dust; - Sunlight; - Heat; - Extreme cold; - Moisture; and - Damaging chemicals.
5.1.3.1.3. Head Protection:
Why Head Protection is Importan
Your head is a very delicate part of your body. In and around your head are:
- Your eyes, with which you see; - Your ears, with which you hear; - Your nose, with which you smell; - Your mouth, with which you eat and speak; and - Your brain, with which you think.
Injuries to the head are very serious. For this reason, head protection and safety are very important.
Potential Hazards
Impact to the Head
Falling or flying objects are a common cause of head injuries. Also, falling or walking into hard objects can cause head injuries. These injuries include neck sprains, concussions, and skull fractures.
Potential Hazards
Electrical Shocks
Accidents involving electricity result in electrical shocks and burns.
Potential Hazards
Splashes, Spills, and Drips
Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can irritate and burn the eyes and skin.
How Hard Hats Protect You
Hard hats protect you by providing the following features:
- A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to the head; - A suspension system inside the hat that acts as a shock absorber; - Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks; - Shields your scalp, face, neck, and shoulders against splashes, spills, and drips; and - Some hard hats can be modified so you can add face shields, goggles, hoods, or hearing protection to them.
Types of Hard H
Class A Hard Hats
Class A hard hats are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts.
Class B Hard Hats
Class B hard hats are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts.
Types of Hard Ha
Class C Hard Hats
Class C Hard hat :- Protect you from falling objects; - DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; - DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances. Es.
Bump Caps
Bump caps are made from lightweight plastic and are designed to protect you from bumping your head on protruding objects. Bump caps DO NOT:
- Use a suspension system; - Protect you from falling objects; or - Protect you from electrical shocks.
WARNING: You should never substitute a bump cap for a hard hat.
Wearing Hard Hats
-Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas where there are potential head hazards. - Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that the hat sits comfortably, but securely on your head. - Inspect the shell of your hard hat for cracks, gouges, and dents. Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken Never use metal tape on your helmet because it can conduct electricity. - Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard straps. If your hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired immediately or ask your employer for a new one. - Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your hard hat. You may apply reflective plastic tape if you must work at night.
Never use metal tape on your helmet because it can conduct electricity. - Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard hat.
Caring for Your Hard Hat Caring for Your Hard Ha
Because your hard hat is an important piece of personal protective equipment, you should:
- Clean your hard hat at least once a month (or as needed) to remove oil, grease, chemicals, and sweat that can collect in and around your hat. - You can clean your hat by soaking it in a solution of mild soap and hot water for 5-10 minutes. Rinse with clear water, wipe, and let air dry. Or, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning your hat. - Because sunlight and heat can damage the suspension of your hat, always store your hat in a clean, dry, and cool location.
Excuses
There are NO excuses for not wearing your hard hat!
5.1.3.1.3. Hand :
Why Hand Protection is Important
Take a moment to hold your hands out in front of you. Look at them. They are the only two hands you will ever have.
It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on the job involve the hands. Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work would be greatly reduced.
Human hands are unique. No other creature in the world has hands that can grasp, hold, move, and manipulate objects like human hands. They are one of your greatest assets. And, as such, must be protected and cared for.
Potential Ha
Traumatic Injuries
You can suffer a traumatic injury to your hands in many ways.
- Tools and machines with a sharp edges can cut your hands. - Staples, screwdrivers, nails, chisels, and stiff wire can puncture your hands. - Getting your hands caught in machinery can sprain, crush, or remove your hands and fingers.
Potential Hazards
Contact Injuries
Coming into contact with caustic or toxic chemicals, biological substances, electrical sources, or extremely cold or hot objects can irritate or burn your hands.
WARNING: Toxic substances are poisonous substances that can be absorbed through your skin and enter your body.
Potential Hazards
Repetitive Motion Injuries
Whenever you repeat the same hand movement over a long period of time, you run the risk of repetitive motion problems. Repetitive motion problems often appear as a numbness or tingling sensation accompanied by pain and the loss of gripping power in your hands.
Preventative Measures
Engineering Controls
Machine guards and safety mechanisms are designed to protect your hands and fingers.
WARNING: Never remove machine guards or bypass safety mechanisms. Check with your organization's lockout-tagout procedures before attempting to put your hands into machinery.
Preventative Measures
Housekeeping and Hygiene
Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to hand injuries.
Good hygiene includes handwashing. Handwashing helps to remove germs and dirt from your hands. Clean hands are less susceptible to infection and other skin problems such as contact dermatitis.
Gloves
There are many type of gloves that are designed to protect your hands.
Metal mesh gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts.
Leather gloves shield your hands from rough surfaces.
Vinyl and neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic chemicals.
Rubber gloves protect you when working around electricity.
Always talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the type of glove you should be using on your job.
Padded cloth gloves protect your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration.
Heat resistant gloves protect your hands from heat and flames.
Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria.
Lead-lined gloves are used to protect your hands from radiation sources.
Wearing and Using Gloves
- Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going to be performing. - Select gloves that fit. - Some gloves may be chemical specified and have a life expectancy. Discard them after the recommended time has expired. - Remove any rings, watches, or bracelets that might cut or tear your gloves. - Wash your hands before and after wearing your gloves. - Inspect your gloves before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak. - Replace gloves that are worn or torn. - After working with chemicals, hold your gloved hands under running water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing the gloves. - Wash cotton gloves as needed. - Avoid borrowing gloves. Gloves are personal protective equipment. - Store gloves right side out in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area. - Never wear gloves around powered rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc.
Other Protective Measures
Barrier Creams
- Water Repellent Creams are used to protect your hands from caustic chemicals.
- Solvent-Repellent Creams are used to protect your hands from solvents, oils, and other organic chemicals.
- Sunscreens protect your skin from the damaging effects of the sun.
- Vanishing Creams protect your skin against mild acids, and make cleaning up easier.
WARNING: Never substitute a barrier cream when you should use gloves.
Other Protective Measures
- Forearm Cuffs are used to protect your forearm.
- Thumb Guards and Finger Cots protect only your thumb or fingers.
- Mittens protect your hands while working around very cold or hot materials.
- Hand Pads are often found in kitchens and laboratories. Hand pads protect your hands while working around very hot materials.
Repetitive Motion Injuries
Some jobs require that you repeat the same hand motion over and over again. These kind of jobs may cause what is known as repetitive motion injuries. Early symptoms include numbness and tingling in the fingers and hand.
If you start having these symptoms, take a break. Also, simple hand exercises such as flexing the wrist and stretching the fingers will help.
If the problem persists, talk with your supervisor or safety manager.
Remember! Your hands are one of your greatest assets.
Protect them!
5.1.3.1.5. Foot Protection:
Why Foot Protection is Important
Scientists and engineers for centuries have marveled at the design and structure of the human foot. The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire body, and yet flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports, and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes, your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.
Potential Hazard
Impact Injuries
If you have ever stubbed your toe, you know that impact injuries can hurt. At work, heavy objects can fall on your feet. If you work around sharp objects, you can step on something sharp and puncture your foot.
Potential Hazards
Injuries from Spills and Splashes
Liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can spill into your shoes and boots. These hazardous materials can cause chemical and heat burns.
Potential Hazards
Compression Injuries
Heavy machinery, equipment, and other objects can roll over your feet. The result of these types of accidents is often broken or crushed bones.
Potential Hazards
Electrical Shocks
Accidents involving electricity can cause severe shocks and burns.
Potential Hazards
Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture
If not protected, your feet can suffer from frostbite if you must work in an extremely cold environment. Extreme heat, on the other hand, can blister and burn your feet. Finally, extreme moisture in your shoes or boots can lead to fungal infections.
Potential Hazards
Slipping
Oil, water, soaps, wax, and other chemicals can cause you to slip and fall.
Preventative Measures
Housekeeping
Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to foot injuries.
Personal Protective Equipment
Safety Shoes and Boots
There are many types of footwear that are designed to protect your feet.
Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed.
Metatarsal footwear have special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot.
Reinforced sole footwear have metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures.
Latex/Rubber footwear resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces.
Personal Protective Equipment
PVC footwear protects your feet against moisture and improves traction.
Butyl footwear protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and alkalies.
Vinyl footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood.
Nitrile footwear resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals.
Personal Protective Equipment
Always talk with your supervisor or safety manager about the type of footwear you should be using on your job.
Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded.
Electrical hazard footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
Disposable footwear includes shower slippers, clear polyethylene and nonwoven booties used in dust free work areas.
Wearing and Using Safety Footwear
Select and use the right kind of footwear for the job you are going to be performing. Footwear should meet or exceed the standards set by ANSI (ANSI Z41-1991).
Avoid footwear made of leather or cloth if you work around acids or caustics. These chemicals quickly eat through the leather or cloth, and can injure your feet.
Select footwear that fit.
Inspect your footwear before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak.
Replace footwear that are worn or torn.
After working with chemicals, hose your footwear with water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing your footwear.
Avoid borrowing footwear. Footwear is personal protective equipment.
Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area.
Remember!
Your feet are one of your greatest assets.
Protect them!
5.1.3.2. Safety for building :
5.1.3.2.1. Excavation
5.1.3.2.2. Fall Protection
Horizontal lifelines
Anchorage Connector Grip Anchorage Connector
Application Samples 1 Body harness
Claw & Body harness
Body harness Full set kit
Type of Claw Body Harness
Application Samples 2 Body belt
Body Belt
Type of Claw
Application Samples 3 SRL
SRL Self Retracting Lifelines
Application Samples 4 Working in high
Good sample protection during works at high level, such as roofing works
Positioning Assemblies use w/ harness
Positioning Assemblies
5.1.3.2.3. Scaffolding
General Guidelines for Proper Erection
Accidents and injuries can be reduced when the guidelines in this section are followed.
1 Supervise the erection of scaffolding. This must be done by a person competent by skill, experience and training to ensure safe installation according to the manufacturer’s specifications and other requirements.
2 Know the voltage of energized power lines. Ensure increased awareness of location of energized power lines; maintain safe clearance between scaffolds and power lines
(i.e., minimum distance of 3' for insulated lines less than 300 volts; 10' for insulated lines 300 volts or more).
3 Identify heat sources like steam pipes. Anticipate the presence of hazards before erecting scaffolds and keep a safe distance from them.
4 Be sure that fall protection equipment is available before beginning erection and use
it as needed.
5 Have scaffolding material delivered as close to the erection site as possible to minimize the need for manual handling. Arrange components in the order of erection.
6 Ensure the availability of material hoisting and rigging equipment to lift components to the erection point and eliminate the need to climb with components.
Examine all scaffold components prior to erection.
7 Return and tag “Do Not Use” or destroy defective components.
8 Prohibit or restrict the intermixing of manufactured scaffold components, unless:
(1) the components fit together properly, without force,
(2) the use of dissimilar metals will not reduce strength,
(3) the design load capacities are maintained.
9 All scaffold decks should be planked as fully as possible (beginning at the work surface face) with gaps between planks no more than 1" wide (to account for plank warp and wane). (Figure 1 shows types of planking.)
10 The remaining space on bearer member (between the last plank and guardrail) cannot exceed 91⁄2" (the space required to install an additional plank).
11 Guardrail systems are not required on the building side when the platform is less than 16" from the building, except for suspended scaffolds where the maximum distance is 12". In addition, scaffold setbacks will depend upon the needs of the trade. As an example, masons require the scaffold platform to be as close to the wall as possible (within 6"), while lathers and plasterers using spraying apparatus must stand back (and prefer a setback distance of at least 18"). Platform units must not extend less than 6" over their supports unless they are cleated or contain hooks or other restraining devices.
12 When platform units are abutted together or overlapped to make a
long platform, each end should rest on a separate support or equivalent support. Wood preservatives, fire retardant finishes and slip-resistant finishes can be applied to platform units; however, no coating should obscure the top and bottom of wooden surfaces. If fire retardants are used, an engineer should ensure that the plank(s) will carry the required load since fire retardants can reduce the plank
load capacity.
13 Provide suitable access to and between scaffolds (see figure 4). Access can be provided by portable ladders; hook-on ladders; attachable ladders; stairway-type ladders; integral prefabricated scaffold rungs; direct passage from another scaffold, structure or personnel hoist; ramps; runways; or similar adequate means.
14 Cross braces and scaffold frames shall not be used for access scaffold platforms unless they are equipped with a built-in ladder specifically designed for such purpose. All ladders in use must meet OSHA specifications, designed according to standards and secured against displacement.
15 The bottom steps of ladders must not be more than two feet from the supporting
level.
16 Rest platforms are recommended for at least every 30–36' of elevation.
17 When direct access is used, spacing between scaffold and another surface should
be no more than 14" horizontally and 2 feet vertically.
Guidelines for Use
• Be certain that scaffolds and components are not loaded beyond their rated and
maximum capacities.
• Prohibit the movement of scaffolds when employees are on them.
• Maintain a safe distance from energized power lines.
• Prohibit work on scaffolds until snow, ice and other materials that could cause
slipping and falls are removed.
• Protect suspension ropes from contact with sources of heat (welding, cutting, etc.)
and from acids and other corrosive substances.
• Prohibit scaffold use during storms and high winds.
• Remove debris and unnecessary materials from scaffold platforms.
• Prohibit the use of ladders and other devices to increase working heights on
platforms.
Guidelines for Alteration and Dismantling
• Require that scaffolds be altered, moved and dismantled under the supervision of a
competent person.
• Alteration and dismantling activities should be planned and performed with the same
care as with erection.
• Tag any incomplete scaffold or damaged component out of service.
Inspections
Inspect all scaffolds and components upon receipt at the erection location. Return, tag “Do Not Use” or destroy defective components. Inspect scaffolds before use and attach a tag stating the time and date of inspection.
Inspect scaffolds before each work shift and especially after changing weather conditions and prolonged interruptions of work. Check for such items as solid foundations, stable conditions, complete working and rest platforms, suitable anchorage points, required guardrails, loose connections, tie-off points, damaged components, proper access, and the use of fall protection equipment.
Maintenance and Storage
Maintain scaffolds in good repair. Only replacement components from the original manufacturer should be used. Intermixing scaffold components from different manufacturers should be avoided. Fabricated scaffolds should be repaired according to the manufacturer’s specifications and guidance. Job-built scaffolds should not be repaired without the supervision of a competent person.
Store all scaffolding parts in an organized manner in a dry and protected environment.
Examine all parts and clean, repair or dispose of them as necessary
--------------------- HAVE A NICE DAY --------------------------
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
